Forward modeling is a computational technique used in various scientific disciplines, including geophysics, seismology, and geology, to simulate the behavior of physical systems or phenomena. By inputting known or hypothesized parameters into a model, researchers can predict and visualize the outcomes or responses of the system under different conditions or scenarios. This can help researchers better understand and interpret the processes underlying natural phenomena, such as seismic activity, volcanic eruptions, and subsurface geological structures. Forward modeling is often used in conjunction with observational data to validate and refine theoretical models, and to make predictions about future events or conditions.